Conservation agriculture (CA) practices are being followed in rice-wheat cropping systems from past few years in North Western Plains of India mainly in states of Haryana and Punjab. These technologies aim for higher productivity by advocating minimal soil disturbance, retention of crop residues or cover crops and crop rotations. The benefits of CA practices include reduction in cost of cultivation, efficient crop water and nutrient utilization and higher crop diversification. Tremendous efforts have been made for adoption of these practices on large scale but still there are constraints, such as non-availability of machinery and skilled manpower for sowing, crop residue burning, and above all changing the mindset of farmers about tillage. Besides, these systems have not been tested for their effects on insectpest dynamics and disease incidence. With this perspective, a study was planned at ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India to investigate the impact of different tillage practices viz., zero tillage, reduced tillage and conventional tillage on relative abundance of major insect-pests of rice-wheat cropping systems. Occurrence of insectpests in these systems was recorded and correlated with crop phenological characteristics. The study indicated difference in dynamics of major insect-pests of two crops under different tillage practices. The findings clearly shows these systems although beneficial to environment but at the same time harbours more insect-pests than conventional systems. It implies that there are definitely some tradeoffs for adoption of CA practices on large scale that are required to be addressed and management strategies to tackle the emerging pest problems need to be developed and refined for such cropping systems.