Wheat provides 20% of calories and protein consumed by humans. Recent genetic gains are <1% per annum which is insufficient to meet future demand and advances in grain yield by improving harvest index have plateaued. Hence, there is a need to work on the other unexplored traits for wheat yield improvement. One such trait is increasing total plant biomass through efficient carbon capture by photosynthesis. High photosynthetic rate, mesophyll conductance, rubisco caboxylation efficiency and leaf anatomical traits associated with C4 pathway are known to improve the carbon fixation. Maximum yield expression also requires dynamic optimization of source: sink and in improving spike fertility. Currently, all these traits are very meagerly studied and less exploited in breeding programme. In the present study, around 70 high yielding wheat genotypes were characterized for traits associated with improved source and sink qualities. Traits like stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, internal C02 concentration, photosynthetic rate and expression analysis of rate limiting enzymes in photosynthesis were studied. Leaf anatomical traits like bundle sheath cells size, dimorphic chloroplasts, interveinal distance and stomatal index for improved photosynthesis were explored. Sink associated traits like water soluble carbohydrates, percentage of spike fertility in different part of wheat spikelets were studied. Large variations were observed for all these measured traits among the genotypes tested and found different genotypes as best for different traits. Strategic crosses were attempted for complementing these studied traits. Thus, the study indicates that still there is a large scope for improving one or the other photosynthesis and sink traits in released varieties and also they can be used as a potential source for a specific trait in breeding programme. Hence, by complementing these traits we can increase the grain yield in wheat by improving current photosynthesis, biomass and assimilates mobilization into spikelets.