MINING OF CIMMYT ELITE BREAD WHEAT GERMPLASM FOR LEAF BLIGHT AND ADULT PLANT RESISTANCE TO LEAF AND STRIPE RUSTS Abstract uri icon

abstract

  • Wheat is a staple crop and it makes up 20% of human caloric intake globally. Due to change in climate, the severity of leaf blight (spot blotch) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana incidence is increasing in North Western Plains Zone (NWPZ) of India. The grain yield losses due spot blotch infestation may vary from 10 to 50%. In addition to yield losses quality of grains also deteriorates depending on the level of susceptibly of a cultivar against the pathogen. Since leaf blight occurs on all wheat growing agro-climatic zones of India, deployment of resistant cultivars remains the most effective strategy for the management of disease. To identify suitable donors against spot blotch, 950 elite germplasm along with 4 checks (Chirya 3, Francolin, Sonalika, Ciano T 79) received from CIMMYT were characterized based on five different plant attributes viz., days to heading, plant height, grain yield, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and disease severity under epiphytotic conditions. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the germplasm accessions. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), which was used as a measure of spot blotch resistance ranged from 5.9 to 2502.52. Based on the AUDPC values, the accessions were grouped into 4 categories. 2.6% accessions were observed highly resistant and 6.9% highly susceptible. The accessions showing resistance and good yield in 2013-14 were further evaluated in 2014-15 and 2015-16. The resistance observed in field conditions was confirmed deploying two markers, one each SSR (Xgwm148) and STS (csLV34) linked to spot blotch resistant genes. The germplasm accessions were also screened with gene linked markers viz., Cslv34 for Lr34/Yr18/Sr57/Pm38, Xwmc719 for Lr46/Yr29/Pm39 and Xgwm165 and Xbarc98 for Lr67/Yr46 for adult plant resistant (APR) leaf and stripe rust genes. The molecular characterization revealed many accessions possessing multiple genes. These accessions could be utilized in hybridization programme as donors for the development of wheat varieties with durable disease resistance.

publication date

  • July 2019