abstract
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Global wheat production is increasing at 0.9% each year, whereas, the global demand continues to grow at the rate of 1.5% or more annually. Combined with the consequences of climate change, we must avoid the risk of another food crisis, and ensure farmers across the world are equipped to meet the demand of a rising global population. Increased yield potential in wheat can be achieved by exploiting hybrid heterosis. CIMMYT-Syngenta collaboration project on ‘hybrid wheat heterosis’ aims to explore the potential of CIMMYT’s spring wheat germplasm in producing viable commercial hybrid wheat varieties. The main objectives of this study are: 1) to evaluate the mid-parent and commercial heterosis for yield in CIMMYT’s spring wheat germplasm, and 2) to estimate the combining abilities in order to identify the potential male and female parents for hybrid breeding. Wheat hybrids were produced at CIMMYT-Mexico using Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA). These hybrids and parents were evaluated for yield under optimal agronomic practices during 2014-2015, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 growing seasons at three different locations in India: Ludhiana, Jabalpur and Karnal. Some of the hybrid combinations showed promising level of commercial heterosis. The yield of hybrids varied from 78.4% to 122.43% of the local commercial check. The mid parent heterosis was observed up to 30%. The yield stability of hybrids was generally better as compared to that of parents. Sizable investment in hybrid breeding, especially in developing elite parental pools, and increasing seed production efficiency may help make hybrid wheat a reality in India.