abstract
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Wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) was first reported in the Parana state of Brazil in 1985 and gradually dispersed to other major wheat-producing regions of the Southern Cone of South America including Bolivia (1996), Paraguay (2002) and Argentina (2007). Although blast outbreak had not been reported outside South America for three decades, in 2011 CIMMYT scientists pointed out the vulnerability of India, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia to wheat blast due to high similarity in the agro-climatic condition between these countries, and the blast affected Southern American countries. The fear came true in 2016, when an outbreak of wheat blast was reported in seven districts in south and southwestern Bangladesh, affecting about 15,000-ha wheat area of the country. In 2017 and 2018, even though wheat area in Bangladesh was sharply reduced in the epidemic region and disease development climatic conditions were not favorable, wheat blast still expanded and was still found in 13 districts including six new ones, demonstrating the establishment of the disease in Bangladesh. As the agro-climatic conditions of Bangladesh and a large portion of the wheat growing area of India and Pakistan are similar, the disease may spread from Bangladesh to India, Pakistan and other countries. Strategies to mitigate the effects of wheat blast in South Asia include the concept of wheat holiday-stop wheat production for a few years in the infected/vulnerable areas, seed treatment and fungicide application, and host resistance. Some of the opportunities and challenges associated with the above strategies to manage wheat blast will be presented and discussed.