As an allohexaploid crop, common wheat is distinguished from diploid crops, such as rice and maize. Wheat genome is large and complex, and comprised of highly repetitive DNA sequences. The potential presence of multiple homoeologs for each gene makes mapping and cloning genes/QTL conferring agronomic traits, such as grain weight, very difficult. A genomewide chromosome segmental introgression lines (ILs) are highly desirable for locating genes/QTL, characterizing their functions and pyramiding gene for cultivar designing. In order to mining genes/QTL for increasing grain weight in wheat cultivars, a chromosome segmental ILs population has been developed. The donor is a synthetic wheat named XM1620 derived from a cross between Triticum durum acc. D67.2/P66.270 (2n=28, AABB) with Aegilops tauschii acc. Ae. Squarrosa 218 (2n=14, DD). Common wheat cultivar Shi4185, an important core wheat parent in Huang-huai wheat region, is used as the receptor parent. After a few generations of backcrossing and selfing, two BC4F2:3 populations (one is high grain yield and the other is low grain yield) were employed for genotyping and phenotyping. We combine the traditional molecular markers and modern gene microarray technology in order to carry out QTL analysis of grain weight, to detect the major QTL and to supply a basis and direction of exploration of markers for marker-assistant selection breeding, which could also lay a foundation for fine mapping and discovery of grain weight genes/QTL.