abstract
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Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) can cause significant reduction in yield, test weight as well as bread-making quality of wheat grain. Although the resistance to PHS is known to be associated with various physiological, morphological and developmental characteristics of the seed and the spike, seed dormancy has been considered the most critical factor for PHS resistance. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance in wheat, seed dormancy of matured grains was investigated in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed by single seed descent from the cross between the PHS-susceptible (non-dormant) cultivar ‘Bezostaja 1’ and the PHS-resistant (dormant) cultivar ‘Klara’. Dormancy was assessed using germination test with threshed grains in the RIL population and the parental genotypes, grown in replicated field trials at location Zagreb, Croatia in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 growing seasons. Using the linkage map, constructed with 1,087 DArTseq-derived high-quality SNP markers and the dormancy data the QTL analysis was conducted using composite interval mapping (CIM) and multiple interval mapping (MIM). The linkage map spanned a total length of 4,660 cM with an average marker interval of 5.24 cM. The A, B and D genomes harboured 458 (42.13%), 522 (48.02%) and 107 (9.84%) markers with a total length of 2,215 cM, 1,993 cM, and 451 cM. Four QTLs for dormancy were detected in the ‘Bezostaja 1’ × ‘Klara’ RIL population in 2016 that were mapped on chromosomes 4A, 3B, 2D and 2A. The MIM method did not detect any significant interaction between the QTLs and the final model explained 46% of the phenotypic variance of the trait. Two QTL identified in 2017 were mapped on chromosomes 4A and 3A, jointly explaining 29% of the phenotypic variation. The alleles of the QTLs on chromosome 4A (identified in both years) that decreased dormancy level were from non-dormant parent ‘Bezostaja 1’ while for the rest of the identified QTLs (in both years) the contributing alleles that decreased dormancy level originated from dormant parent ‘Klara’. The QTL for PHS detected in the present study may be efficiently utilized for marker- assisted selection to breed new cultivars with higher PHS resistance.