The Texas A&M AgriLife Research Wheat Improvement Program for the Texas High Plains breeds high yielding, drought tolerant, insect and disease resistant winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) varieties with high end-use quality for rain-fed and irrigated production systems. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) equipped with advanced sensors can provide ultrahigh spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing data for high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) in plant breeding programs. We previously used spectral reflectance measurements from ground platforms to quantify genotypic variation in biomass for HTP and are beginning to incorporate UAS-based visual and multispectral imagery captured throughout the growing season. In collaboration with Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, various vegetation indices such as Excessive Greenness Index (ExG) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and physical traits such as canopy cover and canopy height are measured on 1700 plots over 32 dates throughout the growing season. Grain yield, volume weight, heading date, plant height, glume color and breeder’s ag score were compared to phenotypic features extracted from UAS data. Preliminary results show that irrigated grain yield correlated well with NDVI during boot through grain filling stages in 2018. Canopy volume predicted forage biomass and early season vigor, which are important traits for dual-purpose wheat in the Southern High Plains. Potential of UAS based HTP to increase the amount of germplasm screened with greater efficiency as well as limitations will be discussed in this presentation.