The global population is projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, requiring food production to increase by 70% from the 2010 level. Also, severe abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change will bring additional challenges to crop production. Wheat is the main grain crop in western Canada, and effective farming approaches are needed to increase yields, improve resource use efficiencies and whole-farm economics, while enhancing long-term soil health and environmental sustainability. Under the ‘Canada Agricultural Partnership’ program, a Cluster project is being undertaken at seven sites in western Canada from 2018 to 2023. At each site, six contrasting 4-yr cropping systems are evaluated, including (i) conventional wheat-based rotation system (check), (ii) a pulse- or oilseed-intensified system; (iii) multiple-commodity diversified system with ‘nutrient balance models’; (iv) a free-style, market-driven, profit-maximization system; (v) a high-risk, potentially high reward innovative system; (vi) green-manureincorporated soil health enhancement system. All phases of the rotation appear in each year. The objectives are to (i) determine the best (most productive, sustainable, resilient) cropping system for each ecozone, (ii) improve nutrient use efficiency through the use of nutrient balance models to match the crop’s need for nutrients with availability of soil residual nutrients, mineralized nutrients, and fertilization, (iii) enhance system resiliency to abiotic and biotic stresses through the integration of advanced farming technologies, and (iv) improve long-term soil health by improving soil fertility and exploring beneficial soil microbiomes. Detailed measurements on plant-, soil-, and atmosphere-related traits/attributes will help fulfill these objectives. Data from the multiple sites and multiple years will help define the optimal cropping system for each ecozone.