WHEAT BLAST: PREVALENCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY, HOST STATUS AND SCREENING OF ELITE GERMPLASM FOR RESISTANCE Abstract uri icon

abstract

  • The sudden appearance of wheat blast outside South America with highly virulent strain of Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) (anamorph. Pyricularia oryzae) was noticed in Bangladesh in February 2016 infecting about 15,000 hactare areas with significant yield losses. The disease has also been identified in the subsequent years (2017, 2018 and 2019) with some new infected regions, indicating the adaptation of wheat blast fungus to Bangladesh. From infected wheat and other host species, so far 200 pure isolates were made and morpho-physiological characteristics recorded based on their colony color, colony shape and radial mycelia growth. To date 118 isolates have been confirmed with MoT3 (MoT-specific) molecular marker through PCR assay. Epidemiological studies show that maximum disease development happened at 24hrs leaf wetness with 24-28C temperature and high relative humidity (70-80%). The most conducive temperature was 25-30C for mycelial growth and sporulation. Although, the fungus is host-specific but can attack several other species of the Poaceae family. Some of the winter cereals and weed species of Bangladesh serve as hosts to Pyricularia sp. but they are genetically distinct to MoT. Interestingly MoT isolates can infect the weed Eleusine indica under high disease pressure in laboratory condition. Based on their virulence patterns, a mixture of isolates were utilized for screening of wheat genotypes against MoT. Among the genotypes screened for resistance, some were almost immune to blast infection or had low (<10%) levels of infection, while the susceptible varieties showed 70-90% disease severity. This research resulted in the identification and release of a blast resistant and Zn fortified (50-55 ppm) wheat variety, BARI Gom 33, in 2017. Its yield is about 5-10% higher than the best check variety giving 4-5 t/ha. Some of the resistant sources possess the 2NS translocation although partially resistant non-2NS sources of resistance have also been identified. Future research and breeding efforts aims to combine both types of resistance into agronomically superior lines to breed for durable blast resistant varieties.

publication date

  • July 2019