Rainfed wheat cover two third of wheat cultivation in Iran. Due to the declining annual precipitation in Iran during Last few decades has extended the impact of drought on water resources. Hence, drought conditions and water deficit is considered as the main environmental factor limiting wheat production in Iran. Wheat landraces currently under cultivation in Iran offer a valuable genetic resources that may help developing new wheat cultivars more resilient to the adverse environmental changes. Producing a low but stable yield under harsh environmental conditions, end use bread making quality, desired taste, high straw yield, high biomass production, able to grow and to produce with no 0 fertilizer application, disease resistance are among many reasons why farmers keep growing landraces in small scales. Landraces currently grown in Northwest west and North East of the country were collected and characterized both in farmer’s field and at the research station. Most landraces included a mixture of many different genotypes. A limited breeding approach including simple crosses and backcrossing, and selection were applied to improve the collected landraces. The characterized and improved landraces were returned to the farmers, hoping to improve the yield, yield stability and disease resistance in the under cultivation landraces.