Understanding the impact of climate change on biodiversity and food security is one of the major challenges of the 21stcentury. The fertile crescent, including Israel in the Southern levant, is one of the centers of origin of wheat, which is a staple food for billions of people. We characterized the natural wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) population of Ammiad, in Northern Israel. This population has been investigated for the past 34 years as an in-situ conservation case study, a period during which temperatures have raised by "1.5oC on average in the region and CO2 levels have raised from "350 ppm to "410 ppm. Overall, 100 collection spots were chosen for the analysis. Each spot has been characterized by GPS coordinates and we have returned to the exact collection spots, every "5 years on average since 1984. In total, eight years of collection were studied between 1984 to 2018. Both the different micro-habitats in the collection area and the long-term collection constitute a unique resource that enables both spatial and temporal genotypic analysis. Results from year 1984 are presented here. Using the Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) method, we obtained 13924 polymorphic markers (excluding markers with more than 10% heterozygosity and with Minor Allele Frequency below 0.01), out of which 13340 were SNPs. We found that the population is very diverse: Each plant, diverged from the "Zavitan” wild emmer wheat reference genome by 1 SNP per 367 nucleotides on average, plants in the population diverged from each other by 1 SNP per 639 nucleotides on average and in total the population as a whole contained 1 SNP every 111 nucleotides. Some plants in the population were genetically more distant from each other, within tens or a few hundred meters distance than to the Zavitan accession located "30 km from Ammiad. We also found that the population is highly structured in genotypic clusters corresponding to micro-niches and providing a strong evidence for microadaptation. These findings indicate that when sampling biodiversity in the wild, the collection strategy should take habitat heterogeneity as a major consideration. In Ammiad, slope exposure, ridge of the hills or valley, were more relevant than physical distances. The temporal variation will be discussed.