Crop yield is determined by the available solar irradiation energy (St), the radiation interception efficiency (εi), the light conversion efficiency (εc) and the harvest index (εp). From this factorial analysis photosynthetic efficiency emerges as the most potent factor for yield improvement. The project therefore aims at developing novel strategies for enhancing photosynthesis. An enhancement of crop photosynthesis would be an important step in improving yield, but in a sustainable manner without sacrificing more arable land for use in agriculture. The work presented is part of a project called EnCroPho (Enhancing Crop Photosynthesis). The first two subprojects target the leaf as central organ of photosynthesis in angiosperms and use genetic approaches to identify genes that affect leaf morphology and anatomy in a manner that is relevant to photosynthesis. Here results of the third subproject are presented using experimental evolution to improve photosynthesis in the crop species wheat (Triticum aestivum). The evolutionary concept relies on the present model of C4 evolution stating that the transition from C3 to C4 photosynthesis proceeded in modules and that each of the individual modules was adaptive. This implies that each step brought a small but detectable advantage in the photosynthetic capacity. First results of the project will be presented.