abstract
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In cereal plant breeding work aimed at the creation of new cultivars in Chile, the disease factor is monitored through the use of the Disease Trap Nursery (DTN) in which different levels of cereal susceptibilities are exposed in the genotypes to the most diverse environments where they are commercially grown. In the agricultural cycle 2018 19 DTN was sown from Vallenar by the North, S 28°30'56.7" W070°15'19.8" to Chillán by the south, S 36 ° 36'23.9" W072°6'12.4". DTN 2018 in addition to detect different levels of the usual diseases: leaf rust, septoria, powdery mildew, BYDV and tan spot, it was presented in the month of September 2018, two months before normal, the presence of the stripe-yellow rust (Yr) disease caused by the basidiomycete Puccinia striiformis in Triticosecale cv. Faraon who in the previous cycles had not shown the disease. The results indicated that both winter wheats as well as the spring genotypes, did not show susceptibility to the new race while some Triticum durum and winter triticales were extremely susceptible, as it happened in Argentina in the agricultural cycle 2107 and in Europe in 2015. The presence of the Pst13 and the extreme susceptibility shown by winter triticales impose, the urgent need to incorporate new sources of resistance to the triticale breeding program and shown that the environment of the cereals crop in Chile remains highly conductive to the stripe rust disease while the genetic Yr resistance combinations used in both INIA winter and spring wheats continue to give a good results.