Spring wheat yield dynamics in Canada, USA (Minnesota, North and South Dakota), Russia (Volga and West Siberia regions) and Kazakhstan (Akmola and Kostanay) were compared from 1981 to 2015. The spring wheat production area exceeded 22 mln ha. Average spring wheat commercial production in North America was 2059 kg ha-1 in 1981-1990and increased to 2980 kg ha-1 in 2006-2015. Respective yield was only 1138 kg ha-1 and 1269 kg ha-1 in Eurasia demonstrating substantial disadvantage in average production and in the gains compared to North America. The spring wheat production area in Eurasia is 500km farther North with shorter growing season and less precipitation. The study used yield data from provinces, states, regions, and average yield from 19spring wheat breeding-research sites. The yearly variations in grain yield in North America and Eurasia did not correlate. Minimum and maximum air temperature during the wheat growing season (April-August) tended to increase. While precipitation in April-Aug increased in North American sites from 289 mm in 1981-1990 to 338 mm in 2006-2015, it remained constant and low at Eurasian sites (230 and 238 mm, respectively). High temperature in June and July negatively affected grain yield at sites in both continents. Climatic changes resulted in substantial changes in dates of planting and harvesting leading to extension of the growing season. Longer plantingharvesting period was positively associated with grain yield for most locations. The climatic changes since 1981and spring wheat responses suggest implications for breeding. Gradual warming extends the wheat growing season and new varieties could match this. Higher rainfall during the wheat season, especially in North America, is an opportunity to develop varieties with higher yield potential responding to moisture availability. June is a critical month for spring wheat in both regions due to the significant negative correlation of grain yield with maximum temperature and positive correlation with precipitation. Breeding for adaptation to higher temperatures during this period is an important strategy to protect yield. Field experiments compared North American and Eurasian germplasm in two regions. North American varieties were semi-dwarf and day-length insensitive while most Eurasian varieties were tall and day-length sensitive. They were high yielding both in Eurasia and in North America. However, the frequency of leaf rust resistant germplasm was low compared to North American cultivars, which also demonstrated superior bread-making quality. Germplasm exchange and integration of the two pools into wheat improvement programs would be beneficial.