To lay a foundation for the promotion, breeding and large-scale quality evaluation of the wheat varieties the quality traits of 152 wheat varieties were tested using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS), and DA7200 near-infrared analyzer. Correlation showed that under E1 and E2 conditions, grain hardness index was significantly negatively correlated with grain weight, had no significant correlation with crude protein. Crude protein was negatively correlated with grain weight, and positively correlated with wet gluten content, settling value, stability time, formation time and elongation. Principal component analysis transformed 10 single indicators into 3 independent comprehensive indicators, with accumulative contribution rates of more than 83%. The first principal component includes sedimentation value, wet gluten content, formation time and crude protein content. The second principal component includes thousand-grain weight and grain diameter; The third principal component includes grain hardness and water absorption. Combined with the membership function analysis of the weight coefficient, the cluster analysis was carried out by using the Q-value, and the cluster analysis was divided into three Groups, in which the comprehensive quality of Group I categorized average included 39 germplasms, and that of Group II was good, including 62 accessions, Group III had excellent comprehensive quality, including 33 accessions. Shanken 81, Liken 2, Xinmai 45 and Jimai 44 are all approved high-quality and strong-gluten wheat varieties, which are clustered in Group III. These results provide a reference for the selection and breeding of high-quality wheat varieties in the Huang-Huai wheat region.