Extrachromosomal circular DNA reveals helitron activity in wheat Abstract uri icon

abstract

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can change their position in a genome. They account for the vast majority of (>80%) the wheat genome and have a role in genome evolution and size variation. During their life cycle, different classes of TEs have their own way of spawning extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). These eccDNAs can be an integral part of a TE’s replication process but can also be a side product. Exposing plants to stresses such as heat, wounding or cell culture can trigger the mobilization of TEs. Nevertheless, reports on real-time observations of TE mobility in wheat are scarce, if not inexistant. Here we show that one nonautonomous TE (class II, Helitron) forms complete eccDNA upon stress treatments in wheat. Interestingly, we found that Helitron circle appearance was strongly linked to the stressed wheat variety. Subsequent whole-genome analysis shows that this Helitron belongs to a family with 85 members which includes 6 potentially autonomous members. Stress-induced transcriptional activation has been observed for these autonomous members, indicating that those might be involved in the eccDNA production of some of the non-autonomous copies. Our results suggest that stress can lead to the mobilization of a Helitron in wheat. To our knowledge, this would be the first report on an active TE observed in real time in wheat. We are now investigating the progenies of stressed plants for novel genomic insertions and if this Helitron can be active in other plant species. Furthermore, we investigate if Helitron transposition events can lead to the acquisition of novel traits, which could be valuable for wheat breeding.

publication date

  • September 2022