abstract
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Essential metals, such as Fe and Zn, in grains are important sources for seed germination and to meet the nutritional requirements. However, the molecular mechanism underlying loading of Fe and Zn into grains is poorly understood. A transporter gene, namely OsVMT (VACUOLAR MUGINEIC ACID TRANSPORTER) in rice (Oryza sativa) has been reported to play an important role in the preferential distribution of mineral elements to the grains. This gene belongs to a major facilitator superfamily. The putative orthologs of VMT in seven monocot and three dicot species were identified using cDNA and protein sequence of OsVMT gene as a reference. The sequence similarity at cDNA level ranged from 63.59% to 83.23% in monocots and 51.09% to 60.04 % in dicots. CDS similarity ranged from 71.21% to 84.56% in monocots and 60.07% to 64.44% in dicots. Protein similarity ranged from 44.78% to 81.27% in monocots and 47.9% to 52.99% in dicots. Compared to cDNA, CDS and protein sequences, the genomic sequences similarity was lowest both in the monocots (from 36.04% to 61.24%) and dicots (46.95% to 52.33%). In the VMT proteins of the different species, 10 distinct motifs were identified, eight of which were novel and two were already reported for Major Facilitator Superfamily. The VMT proteins were characterized by a single conserved domain belonging to Major Facilitator Superfamily domain and was present in all the monocots and dicots. In wheat, qRT-PCR differential expression of six TaVMT genes at two grain filling stages (14 DAA and 28 DAA) was examined in four pairs of genotypes, which included (i) two genotypes, each containing high GZn and GFe contents (FAR4 and WB02) and (ii) another two genotypes with low GZn and GFe contents (K8027 and HD3226). In each pair of comparison, the expression in the high GZn and GFe containing genotype (first genotypes) was compared with the low GZn and GFe containing genotype (second genotype). All the six genes most often showed significant differential expression (>2-fold and >2-fold) between pairs of genotypes in both the grain filling stages suggesting their possible role in accumulation of Zn and Fe in the grains.