Wall-associated kinases (WAKs) are important receptor-like proteins that play major roles in plant defense against pathogens. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most widespread and devastating crop diseases that reduces wheat yield production and leads to quality deterioration. Although WAK gene families have been studied in many plants, systematic research on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) and its role in FHB resistance in particular, is lacking. In this study, we identified and characterized 320 genes of the TaWAK family in wheat distributed across all chromosomes except 4B, and divided them into three phylogenetic groups. Duplication and synteny analyses provided valuable information about the evolutionary characteristics of the TaWAK genes. Gene expression pattern analysis suggested that TaWAK genes play various roles in plant biological processes and that at least 30 genes may be involved in the response to Fusarium infection in wheat spikes, with most of genes contributing to pectin- and chitin-induced defense pathways. In addition, 45 TaWAK genes were identified within 17 hcmQTLs that are related to wheat FHB resistance. Our study provides potential candidate genes for improving FHB resistance and insights into the future functional analysis of TaWAK genes in wheat.