abstract
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The production of doubled haploids (DH), is a usefull tool for breeding programs. One way of obtaining haploid plants that will be DH plants after duplication is through wide crosses of wheat x maize, using maize as the male parent. After crossing, the chromosomes of maize degenerate and the embryo formed has only the chromosome complement of wheat. The frequency of embryo formation is greatly influenced by the external application of growth regulators such as 2,4 D when applied post fertilization, and allows the survival of the embryos until the moment of being rescued in vitro. Three 2,4 D application systems were tested in order to determine which of them is the most efficient in the formation and retention of embryos. For this, crosses of wheat by maize were made, to which a solution of 2,4 D + DMSO was added at a concentration of 200 ppm. This solution was applied 1) as an injection in the last internode, 2) as a triple spray in the spikes and 3) as a drop in the spikelets. Applications were made 24 and 48 hours after pollinization. The embryos were rescued between 16-20 days after pollinization, in 1/2 of MS + 30 g of sucrose per liter. For the statistical analysis, the statistical package InfoStat was used. 485 ears of wheat were manually castrated and crossed with fresh maize pollen, from which 6,067 caryopses and 141 embryos were obtained. For the injection, spray and drop system, the average number of embryos obtained was 3.21%, 3.59% and 1.34%, respectively. Both the injection and spray systems did not show significant differences in embryo production. The drop application system was the one that gave the lowest average. The best results of the first two systems could be due to a better dosage over time, without excessive wetting of the spikelets, allowing better oxygenation of the tissues and greater survival of the embryos.