abstract
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An important goal of wheat breeding is to develop high-yielding varieties with better nutritional quality and resistance to all major diseases. Keeping this in view, multiple genes for grain quality traits such as grain protein content (GPC) and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (PHST) and resistance against all the three rusts were pyramided in the backgrounds of two Indian wheat cv. HD2967 and Lok1. For this purpose following two improved wheat lines earlier developed by us using marker-assisted selection (MAS) were used; (i) HD2967 (Gpc-B1/Yr36 + Lr24), and (ii) Lok1 (Gpc-B1/Yr36 + Lr24 + Qphs.dpivic.4A.2). These two lines were crossed with HD2967 (Lr19/Sr25 + Yr10 + Lr34) to produce F1 hybrids. Following MAS in F2 to F4 generations, 35 lines homozygous for 5 genes (Gpc-B1/Yr36+Lr24+Yr10+Lr34) were selected in the background of cv. HD2967 and 13 lines homozygous for 6 QTLs/genes (Gpc-B1/Yr36 + Lr24 + Qphs.dpivic.4A.2 + Yr10 + Lr34) were selected in the background of cv. Lok1. In F5 generation, the selected lines were found tolerant to rust diseases under high disease pressure in field conditions. Screening for PHS in artificial rain simulating chambers was also carried out and PHST lines (score of 1 to 3) were selected. A station yield trial of these selected homozygous lines along with the parents and nine checks was carried out for 11 agronomic traits at Meerut in crop season 2020-21 and 2021-22. A total of four lines in the background of cv. HD2967 containing high GPC and three lines in the background of cv. Lok1 containing high GPC and PHST were selected. Relative to parent genotypes, the improved lines had an increase of 0.41% to 4.20% GPC without any yield penalty. These promising lines are being submitted for testing under national varietal development trials.