This study aimed to quantify the influence degree of different cropping systems on greenhouse gas emission amount and intensity in the North China Plain under the background of climate change, and clarify the variations of annual yields, resources use efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions in North China Plain under different water and nitrogen managements, so as to provide a scientific basis for the climate-smart water-nitrogen managements for main patterns of single and double cropping systems in the North China Plain. Based on the meteorological data, soil data and crop data of 44 meteorological stations in the North China Plain from 1981 to 2020, the agricultural production systems sIMulator (APSIM) model was used to simulate the yield and greenhouse gas emissions of spring maize and wheat-maize double-cropping system in the North China Plain. The changes of greenhouse gas emissions with the increase of annual yield in wheat-maize double-cropping system compared with spring maize were analyzed. On this basis, APSIM model was used to simulate the yield and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain under different water and nitrogen managements, and the optimal water and nitrogen managements under the climate-smart agriculture target in the North China Plain were clarified.From 1981 to 2020, the greenhouse gas emission amount of spring maize and wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain was 0.26×106 and 1.26×106 kg CO2-eq/hm2, respectively. The greenhouse gas emission amount of wheat-maize double-cropping increased by 381% compared with that of spring maize. From 1981 to 2020, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of spring maize and wheat-maize double-cropping system were 0.03 and 0.06 kg CO2-eq/kg, respectively. The greenhouse gas emission intensity of wheat-maize double-cropping system increased by 100% compared with that of spring maize. With the increase of irrigation amount of winter wheat, annual yield and greenhouse gas emissions of wheat-maize double-cropping system showed an increasing trend, but irrigation period had no significant effect on annual yield and greenhouse gas emissions. While the total nitrogen application of each crop was 0 - 225 kg/hm2, the annual yield and greenhouse gas emissions of the wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. While the total nitrogen application of each crop reached 225 kg/hm2, with the increase of nitrogen application of each crop, the annual yield did not change significantly, but the greenhouse gas emissions still showed a significant increase trend. On the whole, the total nitrogen application of each crop is controlled below 225 kg/hm2, which is closer to the goals of climate-smart agriculture with high yield, high efficiency and low emissions. The adoption of wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain can maintain both high annual yield and relatively low greenhouse gas emissions. On basis of goals of climate-smart agriculture with high yield, high resources use efficiency and low greenhouse gas emission, the optimal irrigation regime for wheat-maize double-cropping system in North China Plain irrigation was 60 mm before sowing, booting, heading and grain filling stages of winter wheat, respectively (total irrigation amount was 240 mm), while the optimal nitrogen application amount for winter wheat and summer maize was both 225 kg/hm2.