Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the highly devastating diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identifying disease resistance genes or loci will assist in the development of FHB resistance breeding. This study identified a protein kinase gene TaPKα from FHB-resistant cultivar Sumai 3. TaPKα proteins were encoded by three homoeologs with high sequence similarity in three subgenomes and were named TaPKα-A, TaPKα-B, and TaPKα-D. The levels of TaPKα transcripts and kinase activity were up-regulated in wheat spikes of both Sumai 3 and FHB-susceptible cultivar Fielder after F. graminearum infection. However, Sumai 3 had enhanced TaPKα kinase activity than Fielder after pathogen infection. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed point mutations in the kinase domain of TaPKα-A compared with TaPKα-B and TaPKα-D. In vitro kinase assay showed that TaPKα-A exhibited increased kinase activity relative to TaPKα-B and TaPKα-D. The function of TaPKα in wheat resistance to FHB are under intense investigation.