Winter wheat as high-quality forage in tillering stage has been practiced in many countries, but the regeneration mechanism wheat after mowing is still unclear. For identified the regeneration mechanism, wheat gene type "XN 136" was used as experiment material for it has large biomass and strong regeneration ability. Through the studies on the changes of cytology, physiology and biochemistry and related gene expression, the regeneration mechanism was revealed. The results showed that the growth rate of wheat primary and secondary roots decreased significantly after mowing in winter, and the number of secondary roots not changed in the regeneration stage. However, the leaf growth rate of cutting wheat was accelerated. Paraffin section of tillering node indicated that the cotyledon formation rate was significantly accelerated compare with the control group. Meanwhile, the cell volume in tillering node (TN) was also changed. Root paraffin section showed that the structure of primary root had no significant change, but the structure of secondary root had significant change after 12 days of mowing compare with control. The degradation of carbohydrate plays an important role in regeneration, after mowing the starch, soluble sugar content changes significantly in wheat TN and the root, at the same time related genes include β-amylase, β-fructofuranosidase, sucrose synthase, sucrose-6-phosphate synthase, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase expression increased. These results suggested that sugar rapid degradation provides energy and carbohydrates for wheat regeneration. Jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents increased rapidly and then decreased after mowing winter wheat. The content of auxin (IAA) decreased firstly and then increased, while the content change of cytokinin was opposite to IAA. Ethylene (ETH/ACC) and gibberellin (GA3) content in TN increased gradually after mowing. The expression pattern of hormones genes were same to the hormones content. Using JA, ABA and ETH to treat the wheat after cutting, the hormones genes expression pattern changed. Additionally, according to the transcriptome data, 15 novel miRNAs and three known miRNAs were found to be involved in the synthesis and signaling transduction of auxins and cytokinins (CKs). Among these miRNAs, miR1153-y, miR5059-x, miR2916-x, novel-miR1532-3p, novel-miR1060-3p, and novel-miR0890-3p, were found to be negatively correlated with the expression of their target genes including auxin response GH3.7. After mowing, the contents of oxidordeuctase in TN and roots increased rapidly, but decreased after 6 days of mowing. Root activity, key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism increased rapidly in a short period. Meanwhile, root activity, the key enzymes of tricarboxylic acid cycle, also showed the same trend. Most of the physiological and biochemical changes of root showed an opposite trend to those of shoot after mowing, this trend was also opposite to the control group. This study revealed the wheat regeneration mechanism after mowing, it will contribute to develop and improve the regeneration capacity of winter wheat after mowing.