Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world. Increasing wheat yield is essential for maintaining global food security. Powdery mildew (PM) is a worldwide fungal disease that seriously damages wheat production. There is an urgent need to breed PM resistant varieties to ensure stable wheat production. However, the genetic control and biological processes involved in PM resistance in plants are very complex, and the progress in this field of research is very slow, especially in the polyploid crops like hexaploid wheat. Recently, we identified two new ERF transcription factors (TFs) in the diploid wheat Triticum urartu, TuERF100 and TuERF102, which positively regulated PM resistance. The transcript levels of TuERF100 and TuERF102 were all elevated in PM infected wheat plants. More detailed investigations showed that TuERF100 promoted the expression of multiple defence genes via binding to their promoters. Consistently, transgenic wheat plants overexpressing TuERF100 exhibited increased PM resistance. On the other hand, TuERF102 contributed to PM defence through interacting with other TFs. The insights obtained in this study will enrich our understanding of the molecular processes underlying wheat defence to PM, thus benefiting the development PM resistant wheat cultivars in the future.