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High grain yield (GY) and improved quality are important objectives of winter wheat improvement programs in Central Asia. A field study was conducted in 2021 and 2022 in Kibray, Uzbekistan using 100 winter wheat genotypes of diverse genetic background and origin to determine genotypic variations for GY and quality related traits and identify superior genotypes for GY and quality. The 100 genotypes showed arrays of variations for heading (154–166 days) and maturity (200–212 days), plant height (79–116 cm), peduncle length (30–46 cm), spike length (7.9–12.3 cm), number of spikelet per spike (15–22), single spike weight (1.8–3.5 g), grain weight per spike (1.4–2.6 g), kernel per spike (36–66), GY (4.11–7.45 t/ha ), 1000-kernel weight (TKW) (30–46 g), test weight (TWT) (665–800 g/l), protein (13.0–17.2%), gluten (25.9–36.8%), gluten deformation index (74–114), sedimentation (26–50 mL) and vitreousness.

Superior genotypes for multiple traits were determined in comparison with a widely grown cultivar Grom. Genotype #47 (20AWYT-IR-87) showed significantly higher GY, TKW, TWT, and protein and gluten contents than Grom. Three genotypes #3 (27FAWWON-IR-13), #42 (20AWYT-IR-54), #44 (20AWYT-IR-75) and #59 (20AWYT-IR-327) had significantly higher GY, TKW, TWT and protein content and gluten equal to Grom.

This study identified genotypes valuable for release as new cultivars for high GY and improved quality. One new variety “Farovon” (#59) was identified for release for commercial cultivation. Since a large number of genotypes used in this study originated from the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, the findings have implications for national and international wheat improvement programs.