Wheat is the main food crop and the dietary source of northern residents in China, and its yield and quality are directly related to food security and people's dietary structure in China. One-third of wheat is planted in the northern dryland in China. Furrow sowing technology was often used to tap the potential of water resources and increase wheat yield in dryland area. Moisture and nitrogen fertilizer are the main factors which affected yield and quality in wheat. In recent years, with the advancement of high-standard farmland construction, a considerable part of wheat fields in dryland has been meet the limited irrigation conditions and make it possible to apply nitrogen fertilizer during the growth stage of wheat. However, the information about how water and nitrogen fertilizer management affected the nitrogen accumulation and grain quality of wheat in dryland is limited. Therefore, in this experiment, we investigated the effects of alternative furrow irrigation combined with nitrogen fertilizer management on nitrogen accumulation after jointing, and the characteristics of post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and translocation, grain yield and main quality characteristics of furrow sown wheat in dryland, and therefore provide theoretical basis and the reference for technological for further optimizing the high yield and high quality cultivation techniques of furrow sowing wheat in dryland. The experiment was conducted in Nandasu Village, Xiaolangdi Town, Mengjin District, Luoyang City, Henan Province from October 2019 to June 2020. Five treatments, including no irrigation and no nitrogen topdressing (NIND), all furrow irrigation and no nitrogen topdressing (TFIND), alternative furrow irrigation and no nitrogen topdressing (AFIND), all furrow irrigation and nitrogen topdressing (TFITD), and alternative furrow irrigation and nitrogen topdressing (AFITD) were set up at the jointing (March 22, 2020) in a no-till furrow sowing wheat field. The irrigation amount was controlled by the reading of mechanical water meter. Compared with NIND, the shoot nitrogen accumulation after jointing in TFIND, AFIND, TFITD and AFITD was increased by 16.66%, 12.61%, 35.28% and 34.96%, and as well as the nitrogen accumulation at anthesis by 16.66%, 12.61%, 35.28% and 34.96%, nitrogen accumulation at maturity by 25.94%, 41.00%, 65.86% and 82.64%, and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation by 151.76%, 425.95%, 480.62% and 729.28%, the contribution rate of post-anthesis nitrogen to grain by 93.00%, 253.24%, 227.08% and 315.25%, and the yield was significantly increased by 46.57%, 67.72%, 83.71% and 95.88%, respectively. Compared with NINT, the flour extraction rates in TFIND and AFIND were significantly increased by 2.66% and 2.61%, and the wet gluten content, dough formation time, and water absorption in AFITD were significantly increased by 5.93%, 7.48% and 2.83%, respectively. Alternative furrow irrigation combined with nitrogen application at jointing could not only enhance the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and translocation, but also improve the grain yield and grain quality in wheat, and finally achieve the production aim of high yield and high quality.