Wheat is the most important staple crop being cultivated for more than 7000 years. Various habitats and strong selection in domestication and breeding has driven the common wheat into different ecotypes to match the changing production conditions, such as the diverse growth habit Winter/Spring types through vernalization response genes (VRN1, VRN2 and VRN3), and adaptation to day light length through photoperiod response gene (PPD1).

Through pan-genomic study on representative wheat varieties in breeding history, and population genomic study based on re-sequencing data of world-wide collection of elite cultivars, we showed revealed strong association between genome structure variations and habitats, and identified gene haplotypes being selected through breeding history.

The most interesting is that, large haplotype blocks across the centromeres showed strong geographic specificity in modern cultivars. This brings new insights for us to select recurrent parental lines for constructing multi-parents inter-crossed population, such as MAGIC, NAM and AB-NAMIC, to bridge genomics and gene discovery with wheat breeding.

Furthermore, we showed successful examples integrating Genebank resources into genomics and breeding through AB-NAMIC population.